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APIPA
APIPA
Automatic Private IP Addressing, or APIPA, is a common feature in many Windows operating systems including versions 98, ME, 2000 and XP. APIPA is a technology that allows a computer to automatically sign an IP address to itself when no DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server is available to perform the function. This allows it to function as a DHCP server mechanism, making it much easier to configure and well suited for LANs (local area networks).
There may be a few reasons why a DHCP server isn’t available; mainly because the server is temporarily inactive or because it doesn’t exist on a particular network. When this is the case, APIPA enables a computer to select an IP address from a range specifically designed for that purpose as declared by the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority). ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to ensure that the selected address is not currently in use by another network machine. Once an IP address has been assigned, the computer can then communicate off TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) with other computers on the network that are configured for APIPA or manually set to the appropriate range of addresses.